Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) is the founding pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 protein family, exerting its pro-survival function in response to a broad range of apoptotic stimuli through the inhibition of the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) process and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c.
Bcl-2 Inhibitors
Övrigt Apoptosis Inhibitorer
| Kat.nr. | Produktnamn | Information | Citeringar av produktanvändning | Produktvalideringar |
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| S8048 | ABT-199 (Venetoclax) | Venetoclax (ABT-199, GDC-0199) är en Bcl-2-selektiv hämmare med Ki på <0,01 nM i cellfria analyser, >4800 gånger mer selektiv mot Bcl-xL och Bcl-w, och ingen aktivitet mot Mcl-1. Venetoclax rapporteras inducera celltillväxthämning, apoptos, cellcykelarrest och autophagy i trippelnegativa bröstcancerceller MDA-MB-231. Fas 3. |
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| S1001 | Navitoclax (ABT-263) | En potent hämmare av Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 och Bcl-w med Ki på ≤ 0,5 nM, ≤1 nM och ≤1 nM i cellfria analyser, Navitoclax (ABT-263) binder svagare till Mcl-1 och A1. Fas 2. |
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| S8383 | S63845 | S63845 är en ny, selektiv MCL-1-hämmare med ett Kd-värde på 0,19 nM och har ingen märkbar bindning till andra BCL-2-familjemedlemmar, BCL-2 eller BCL-XL. |
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| S1002 | ABT-737 | ABT-737 är en BH3-mimetisk hämmare av Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 och Bcl-w med EC50 på 78,7 nM, 30,3 nM respektive 197,8 nM i cellfria analyser; ingen hämning observerades mot Mcl-1, Bcl-B eller Bfl-1. ABT-737 inducerar mitochondrial pathway apoptosis och mitophagy. Fas 2. |
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| S7747 | Ro-3306 | RO-3306 är en ATP-konkurrerande och selektiv CDK1-hämmare med Ki på 20 nM, >15-faldig selektivitet mot en diversifierad panel av humana kinaser. RO-3306 förstärker p53-medierad Bax-aktivering och mitokondriell apoptos. |
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| S1057 | Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) | Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) är en antagonist av Bcl-2 med Ki på 0,22 μM i en cellfri analys, kan bidra till att övervinna MCL-1-medierad resistens mot Apoptosis. |
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| S7801 | A-1331852 | A-1331852 är en potent och selektiv BCL-XL-hämmare med ett Ki-värde på mindre än 0,01 nM för BCL-XL och 6 nM, 4 nM, 142 nM för Bcl-2, Bcl-W respektive MCL-1. Det kan vara användbart vid behandling av cancer, immunrelaterade och autoimmuna sjukdomar. |
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| S7790 | A-1210477 | A-1210477 är en potent och selektiv MCL-1-hämmare med Ki- och IC50-värden på 0,454 nM respektive 26,2 nM, med >100-faldig selektivitet jämfört med andra Bcl-2-familjemedlemmar. |
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| S1121 | TW-37 | TW-37 är en ny icke-peptidisk hämmare till rekombinant Bcl-2, Bcl-xL och Mcl-1 med Ki på 0,29 μM, 1,11 μM respektive 0,26 μM i cellfria analyser. |
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| S7800 | A-1155463 Dihydrochloride | A-1155463 Dihydrochloride, en mycket potent och selektiv BCL-XL-hämmare, uppvisar pikomolär bindningsaffinitet till BCL-XL och >1000 gånger svagare bindning till BCL-2 och relaterade proteiner BCL-W(Ki=19 nM) och MCL-1(Ki>440 nM). |
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Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) is encoded by the Bcl-2 gene and is the first identified member of a large family of apoptosis regulatory proteins (Bcl-2 family) that derives its name from the B-cell lymphoma 2, as it is the second member of a variety of proteins initially described in the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation in human follicular B-cell lymphomas. Bcl-2 contains four Bcl-2 homology domains (BH1-BH4) that mediate the formation of homodimer and heterodimer with relative proteins such as Bax, Bad, Bak and Bcl-xL, and a trans-membrane (TM) domain that mediates insertion into the outer membrane of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Bcl-2 proteins are generally integrated within the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), and may also be in the cytosol or ER membrane. The Bcl-2 and other antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family preserve the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) integrity, thus inhibiting the mitochondrial signaling pathway of apoptosis, by complex interactions with the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins such as Bax, Bak, Bim, Puma and tBid. [1][2]
Bcl-2 suppresses apoptosis in response to a broad range of stress stimuli, including those frequently encountered during tumor development, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, hypoxia (oxygen deprivation), loss of appropriate growth signals and anoikis (loss of cell attachment). In healthy cells, Bax and Bak are kept in check by the pro-survival Bcl-2 family members and the binding of BH3-only proteins unleashes Bax/Bak. Bcl-2 is also critical for the survival of renal epithelial stem cells during embryogenesis, melanocyte progenitors and mature B and T lymphocytes. Bcl-2 over-expression accelerates Eu-myc-induced lymphomagenesis, but loss of endogenous Bcl-2 does not prevent or delay Eu-myc-induced B lymphoma development. Bcl-2 proteins also constitutively binds to Beclin-1, and its dissociation through post-translational modification of Beclin-1 and/or Bcl-2 proteins such as phosphorylation by JNK1, or direct competition for the Bcl-2 BC groove by another BH3-only protein such as Bad, may be sufficient to induce autophagy, leading to the suggestion that autophagy and apoptosis are mechanistically linked. Single-site phosphorylation at Serine 70 (S70) is required for the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2, and multisite phosphorylation at Threonine 69, S70, and S87 has been reported to inactivate Bcl-2. Phosphorylation of Bcl-2 has been shown to enhance activity to allow response to extracellular growth-factor-mediated signals. [1][2][3]
In addition, Bcl-2 is over-expressed in human follicular centre B-cell lymphoma; high levels of Bcl-2 are also detected in significant numbers of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), DLBCL and mantle cell lymphoma, as well as in certain solid tumours(brain, breast and lung). The upregulation of Bcl-2 in CLL and other cancers has been attributed to the hypo-methylation of the Bcl-2 promoter or, possibly more importantly due to hemizygous or homozygous loss of the micro RNAs (miRs) 15a and 16-1 that negatively regulate Bcl-2. The dysregulated Bcl-2 proteins in cancer can lead to increased survival of abnormal cells, which are thought to be involved in resistance to conventional cancer treatment. Mice that constitutively express both Myc and Bcl-2 transgenes develop lymphoblastic leukaemia with high incidence, while shut-down of the inducible Bcl-2 transgene in lymphoma-burdened bi-transgenic mice results in tumor regression and significantly prolonged animal survival in many cases, indicating that inactivation of Bcl-2 constitutes a promising new approach to cancer therapy. Small molecule mimetics of BH3-only proteins that can directly target pro-survival Bcl-2 family members are being developed as a novel therapeutic approach. ABT-737 and the closely related orally bioavailable ABT-263, belong to the BH3 mimetic small molecule inhibitors, targeting Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-related proteins such as Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, therefore promoting tumor regression in murine xeno-transplanation models of certain human lymphomas or small cell lung carcinomas and in primary patient-derived follicular lymphoma cells. [1][4]
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